The lay le Freine

Titre:	The lay le freine; Lay of the ash
Date:	Début du XIV^e siècle
Langue:	Anglais
Genre:	Roman
Forme:	402 vers
Contenu:	Traduction du Lai du Fresne de Marie de France.
Incipit:	We redeth oft, and findeth y-write and this clerkes wele it wite, layes that ben in harping, ben y-founde of ferli thing…
Explicit:	… and sone was spousyd with game and gle, to a gentle knight of that countrè. Thus ends the lay of tho maidens bright, Le Frain and Le Codre y-hight.

Manuscrits

Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, Advocates, 19.2.1, f. 261ra-262A thin stub [⇛ Description]
« Auchinleck manuscript ».

Éditions anciennes

Éditions modernes

Metrical Romances of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries: published from ancient manuscripts, with an introduction, notes, and a glossary by Henry Weber, Edinburgh, Constable, 1810, 3 t. (ici t. 1, p. 355-371 et 381; t. 3, p. 346) [GB: t. 1, t. 1, t. 2, t. 3] [HT] [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3]
Laurin, Albert, An Essay on the Language of Lay le Freine, Stockholm, Norstedt, 1869, [iv] + 37 p. [GB] [IA]
Varnhagen, Hermann, « Zu mittelenglischen Gedichten », Anglia, 3, 1880, p. 415-425. [GB: ex. 1, ex. 2] [HT] [IA]
The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, edited by Francis James Child. In five volumes, Boston et New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Company; Cambridge, Riverside Press; London, Stevens, 1882-1898, 10 t. en 5. [IA: t. 1:1, t. 1:2, t. 2:1, t. 2:2, t. 3:1, t. 3:2, t. 4:1, t. 4:2, t. 5:1, t. 5:2]
Éditions antérieures:
- English and Scottish Ballads, edited by Francis James Child, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1860, 8 t. [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3, t. 4, t. 5, t. 6, t. 7, t. 8, t. 9, t. 10] [umich.edu: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3, t. 4, t. 5, t. 6, t. 7, t. 8]
- The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, edited by Francis James Child, Boston et New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Company; Cambridge, Riverside Press; London, Stevens, 1882-1898, 10 t. [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3, t. 4, t. 5, t. 6, t. 7, t. 8, t. 9, t. 10]
The Middle English Lai Le Freine, edited with a study of the date and dialect of the poem and its analogues by Margaret Wattie, Northampton, Smith College; Paris, Champion (Smith College Studies in Modern Languages, 10:3), 1929, xxii + 27 p. [GB] [IA]
The Breton Lays in Middle English, edited by Thomas C. Rumble, Detroit, Wayne State University Press (Waynebook, 25), 1965, xxx + 269 p.
Réimpression:
- 1967
Middle English Verse Romances, edited by Donald B. Sands, New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1966, xiii + 398 p. (ici p. 233-245) [IA]
Réimpressions:
- Exeter, Exeter University Press (Exeter Medieval English Texts and Studies), 1986
- Middle English Verse Romances, edited by Donald B. Sands, Exeter, Exeter University Press (Exeter Medieval English Texts and Studies), 1988, ix + 398 p. [IA]
- 1993
- 1997
The Middle English Breton Lays, edited by Anne Laskaya and Eve Salisbury, Kalamazoo, Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University (Middle English Texts Series), 1995, viii + 444 p. [metseditions.org] DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv14gpjmw

Traductions modernes

en anglais:
- Ellis, George, Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances, Chiefly Written During the Early Part of the Fourteenth Century; to which is Prefixed an Historical Introduction, Intended to Illustrate the Rise and Progress of Romantic Composition in France and England. A new edition, revised by J. O. Halliwell, London, Bohn (Bohn's Antiquarian Library), 1848, viii + 600 p. (ici p. 538-546) [GB] [IA]
  Éditions antérieures:
  - Ellis, George, Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances, Chiefly Written During the Early Part of the Fourteenth Century; to which is Prefixed an Historical Introduction, Intended to Illustrate the Rise and Progress of Romantic Composition in France and England, London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme; Edinburgh, Constable, 1805, 3 t., vii + 387, [iv] + 404, [iv] + 419 p. [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3]
  - Ellis, George, Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances, Chiefly Written During the Early Part of the Fourteenth Century; to which is Prefixed an Historical Introduction, Intended to Illustrate the Rise and Progress of Romantic Composition in France and England, London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1811, 3 t., vii + 408, [iv] + 419, [iv] + 432 p. [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3]
- A Wonder Book of Old Romance, by F. J. Harvey Darton, illustrated by A. G. Walker, London, Wells Gardner Darton, [1907], xix + 424 p. (ici p. 345-354) [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]
  Réimpression:
  - A Wonder Book of Old Romance, by F. J. Harvey Darton, illustrated by A. G. Walker, New York, Stokes, [1907], xix + 424 p. [IA]
- Early English Romances in Verse: Done into Modern English by Edith Rickert: Romances of Love, London, Chatto and Windus; New York, Duffield, 1908, li + 196 p. (ici p. 47-57 et 182) [GB] [IA]

Études

Archibald, Elizabeth, « Lai le Freine: the female foundling and the problem of romance genre », The Spirit of Medieval English Popular Romance, éd. Ad Putter et Jane Gilbert, Harlow, Longman (Longman Medieval and Renaissance Library), 2000, p. 39-55.
Réimpression:
- Abingdon, Routledge, 2013
Donovan, Mortimer J., « Le Freine », The Breton Lay: A Guide to Varieties, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 1969, p. 126-139.
Freeman, Michelle, « The power of sisterhood: Marie de France's Le Fresne », Women and Power in the Middle Ages, éd. Mary Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski, Athens, University of Georgia Press, 1988, p. 250-264.
Guillaume, Gabrielle, « The prologues of the Lay le Freine and Sir Orfeo », Modern Language Notes, 36:8, 1921, p. 458-464. DOI: 10.2307/2915217
Hibbard (Loomis), Laura A., Mediæval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances. New edition with supplementary bibliographical index (1926-1959), New York, Franklin (Burt Franklin Bibliographical Reference Series, 17), 1963, viii + 350 p. (ici p. 294-300) [IA]
Éditions antérieures:
- Hibbard, Laura A., Mediæval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances, New York, Oxford University Press, 1924, viii + 342 p. [HT] [IA]
- Hibbard (Loomis), Laura A., Mediæval Romance in England: A Study of the Sources and Analogues of the Non-Cyclic Metrical Romances. New edition with supplementary bibliographical index (1926-1959), New York, Franklin (Burt Franklin Bibliographical Reference Series, 17), 1960, viii + 350 p. [HT] [IA]
Hirsh, John C., « Religious attitudes and mystical language in medieval literary texts, an essay in methodology: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Havelok, Lay le Freine », Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honour of Valerie Lagorio, éd. Anne Clark Bartlett et T. H. Bestul, Cambridge, Brewer, 1995, p. 15-25.
McCreesh, Bernadine, « Translation and adaptation in Lay le Freine », Forum for Modern Language Studies, 35:4, 1999, p. 386-395. DOI: 10.1093/fmls/XXXV.4.386
Stemmler, Theo, « Die mittelenglischen Bearbeitungen zweier Lais der Marie de France », Anglia, 80, 1962, p. 243-263. DOI: 10.1515/angl.1962.1962.80.243
Zupitza, Julius, « Zum Lay le Freine », Englische Studien, 10, 1887, p. 41-48. [GB] [HT] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]

Bibliographie