The phoenix

Titre:	Aucun titre dans le ms.; The phoenix (titre dans l'éd. Thorpe)
Date:	X^e siècle
Langue:	Anglais
Genre:
Forme:	677 vers
Contenu:	Paraphase du Carmen de phœnice attribué à Lactance.
Incipit:	Hæbbe ic gefrugnen þætte is feor heonan eastdælum on æþelast londa, firum gefræge. Nis se foldan sceat ofer middangeard mongum gefere…
Explicit:	… brucan blæddaga, blandem et mitem geseon sigora frean sine fine, ond him lof singan laude perenne, eadge mid englum. Alleluia.

Manuscrits

Exeter, Cathedral Library, 3501, f. 55v-65v [⇛ Description]

Éditions anciennes

Éditions modernes

Conybeare, John Josias, Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, edited, together with additional notes, introductory notices, etc. by his brother William Daniel Conybeare, London, Harding and Lepard, 1826, (viii) + xcvi + 287 p. (ici p. viii-ix et 224-228) [GB] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]
Réimpression:
- New York, Haskell House, 1964
Phenix-Fuglen, et angelsachsisk kvad förstegang udgivet med indledning, fordanskning og efterklang af Nik. Fred. Sev. Grundtvig, Kjöbenhavn, Fabritius de Tengnagel, 1840, 72 p. [GB] [IA]
Codex Exoniensis. A Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, from a Manuscript in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, with an English translation, notes and indexes, by Benjamin Thorpe, London, Pickering for The Society of Antiquaries of London, 1842, xvi + 546 p. (ici p. 197-242) [GB] [IA]
Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie begründet von C. W. M. Grein. Neu bearbeitet, vermehrt und nach eignen Lesungen der Handschriften herausgegeben von Richard Paul Wülcker, Kassel, Wigand, 1883-1898, 5 t. (ici t. 3, p. 95-116) [GB: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3] [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3]
Éditions antérieures:
- Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie in kritisch bearbeiteten Texten und mit vollständigem Glossar herausgegeben von C. W. M. Grein, Göttingen, Wigand, 1857-1864, 4 t. [GB: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3, t. 4] [IA: t. 1, t. 2, t. 3, t. 4]
- Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie begründet von C. W. M. Grein. Neu bearbeitet, vermehrt und nach eignen Lesungen der Handschriften herausgegeben von Richard Paul Wülcker. I. Band — 1. Hälfte, Kassel, Wigand, 1881, vii + 422 p. + [4] p. de pl. [GB] [IA]
- Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie begründet von C. W. M. Grein. Neu bearbeitet, vermehrt und nach eignen Lesungen der Handschriften herausgegeben von Richard Paul Wülcker. II. Band — 1. Hälfte, Kassel, Wigand, 1888, vi + 210 p. [GB] [IA]
- Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie begründet von C. W. M. Grein. Neu bearbeitet, vermehrt und nach eignen Lesungen der Handschriften herausgegeben von Richard Paul Wülcker. III. Band — 1. Hälfte, Kassel, Wigand, 1897, [vii] + 248 p. [GB] [IA]
The Exeter Book, an anthology of Anglo-Saxon poetry presented to Exeter Cathedral by Leofric, first bishop of Exeter (1050-1071), and still in the possession of the Dean and Chapter, edited from the manuscript, with a translation, notes, introduction, etc., by Israel Gollancz. Part I. Poems I-VIII, London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. for the Early English Text Society (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 104), 1895, viii + 305 p. (ici p. 200-241) [GB] [IA]
Die Handschriften von Exeter: Metra des Boetius, Salomo und Saturn, die Psalmen. Herausgegeben von Bruno Assmann nebst einer Lebensskizze Grein's von Richard Paul Wülker und mit Grein's Bildnis, Leipzig, Wigand's Verlag (Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie, 3:1-2), 1897-1898, 2 t. en 1 vol., [vi] + 248, xiii + 247-490 p. (ici t. 1, p. 95-116) [GB] [IA]
The Later Genesis and other Old English and Old Saxon Texts Relating to the Fall of Man. Edited by Fr. Klaeber, Heidelberg, Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung (Englische Textbibliothek, 15), 1913, [iii] + 69 p. (ici p. 38-39) [GB] [HT] [IA]
Édition d'un extrait.
The Old English Elene, Phoenix, and Physiologus, edited by Albert Stanburrough Cook, New Haven, Yale University Press; London, Humphrey Milford et Oxford University Press, 1919, lxxxix + 241 p. [GB] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]
The Exeter Book Part Two, London, Oxford University Press (Early English Text Society. Original Series), 1933.
The Exeter Book, éd. George Philip Krapp et Elliot Van Kirk Dobbie, New York, Columbia University Press (The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 3), 1936.
The Phoenix, edited by N. F. Blake, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1964; 2^e éd., Exeter, Exeter University Press, 1990.
The Exeter Anthology of Old English Poetry, éd. Bernard J. Muir, Revised 2nd Edition, Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2000, 2 t.
The Medieval Bestiary in English: Texts and Translations of the Old and Middle English Physiologus, edited and translated by Megan Cavell, Peterborough, Broadview Press, 2022, 186 p.

Traductions modernes

en anglais:
- Conybeare 1826 (voir sous Éditions modernes)
- Thorpe 1842 (voir sous Éditions modernes)
- Select Translations from Old English Poetry, edited by Albert S. Cook and Chauncey B. Tinker. Revised edition, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1935, xi + 195 p. (ici p. 143-163) [HT] [IA]
  Éditions antérieures:
  - Select Translations from Old English Poetry, edited with prefatory notes and indexes by Albert S. Cook and Chauncey B. Tinker, Boston, Ginn, 1902, xi + 195 p. [GB] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2]
  - Select Translations from Old English Poetry, edited by Albert S. Cook and Chauncey B. Tinker. Revised edition, Boston, Ginn, 1926, xi + 195 p. [GB] [IA]
- Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon. Revised edition, London, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794), 1954, xiv + 334 p. (ici p. 239-251)
  Éditions antérieures:
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon, London et Toronto, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794; Poetry and Drama), 1926, xvi + 367 p. [HT] [IA]
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon, London et Toronto, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794; Poetry and Drama), 1930, xvi + 367 p. [IA]
  - 1934
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon, London et Toronto, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794; Poetry and Drama), 1937, xvi + 367 p. [IA]
  - 1950
  Réimpressions:
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon. Revised edition, London, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794), 1957, xiv + 334 p. [IA]
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon. Revised edition, London, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794), 1962, xiv + 334 p. [IA]
  - 1964
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon. Revised edition, London, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794), 1967, xiv + 334 p. [IA]
  - 1970
  - Anglo-Saxon Poetry, selected and translated by Professor R. K. Gordon. Revised edition, London, Melbourne et Toronto, Dent; New York, Dutton (Everyman's Library, 794), 1977, xiv + 334 p. [IA]
- Early English Poetry, translated by Charles W. Kennedy, New York, Oxford University Press, 1961.
- Anglo-Saxon Poetry: An Anthology of Old English Poems in Prose Translation, with introduction and headnotes by S. A. J. Bradley, London, Dent (Everyman's Library, 1794), 1982, xxvi + 559 p. — Réimpr.: 1995; 2000.
en danois:
- Grundtvig 1840 (voir sous Éditions modernes)
en latin:
- Conybeare 1826 (voir sous Éditions modernes)

Études

Brackmann, Rebecca, « "Ond for cyning mærað": the political dimension of the Old English Phoenix », Kentucky Philological Review, 24, 2009, p. 13-19.
Clarke, Catherine A. M., Literary Landscapes and the Idea of England, 700-1400, Cambridge et New York, Brewer, 2006, xi + 160 p.
Clark, David, Between Medieval Men: Male Friendship and Desire in Early Medieval English Literature, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009, xi + 229 p.
Cremer, Matthias, Metrische und sprachliche Untersuchung der altenglischen Gedichte Andreas, Gûðlâc, Phoenix, (Elene, Juliana, Christ). Ein Beitrag zur Cynewulffrage, Bonn, Georgi, 1888, [iii] + 51 p. [GB] [IA]
Gaebler, Hermann, Ueber die Autorschaft des angelsaechsischen Gedichtes von Phoenix, Halle a. S., Karras, 1880, 42 p. [GB] [IA]
Grüters, Otto, « Über einige Beziehungen zwischen altsächsischer und altenglischer Dichtung », Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik, 17, 1905, p. 1-50. [GB] [IA]
Heffernan, Carol Falvo, « The Old English Phoenix: a reconsideration », Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 83, 1982, p. 239-254.
Heffernan, Carol Falvo, The Phoenix at the Fountain: Images of Woman and Eternity in Lactantius's "Carmen de ave Phoenice" and the Old English "Phoenix", Newark, University of Delaware Press; London, Associated University Presses, 1988, 175 p.
Comptes rendus: H. Damico, dans Speculum, 65:4, 1990, p. 994-997. — K. Lochrie, dans Medieval Feminist Forum, 11:1, 1991, p. 18-19.
Holtbuer, Fr., « Der syntaktische Gebrauch des Genitives in dem Andreas, Gûðlâc, Phönix, dem heiligen Kreuz und der Höllenfahrt », Anglia, 8, 1885, p. 1-40. [GB] [HT] [IA]
Honegger, Thomas, From Phoenix to Chauntecleer: Medieval English Animal Poetry, Bern, Francke (Schweizer anglistische Arbeiten, 120), 1996, 288 p.
Lecocq, Françoise, « "Le sexe incertain" du phénix: de la zoologie à la théologie », Le phénix et son autre. Poétique d'un mythe (des origines au XVI^e siècle), éd. Laurence Gosserez, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes (Interférences), 2013, p. 187-210.
Lecocq, Françoise, « L'oiseau Phénix de Lactance: uariatio et postérité (de Claudien au poème anglo-saxon The Phoenix) », La uariatio: l'aventure d'un principe d'écriture, de l'Antiquité au XXI^e siècle, éd. H. Vial, Paris, Garnier, 2014, p. 185-201.
Savage, Ann, « Translation as expansion: poetic practice in the Old English Phoenix and some other poems », The Medieval Translator 1: The Theory and Practice of Translation in the Middle Ages, éd. Roger Ellis, Jocelyn Price, Stephen Medcalf et Peter Meredith, Cambridge, Brewer, 1989, p. 123-134.
Schipper, J., « Zum Codex Exoniensis », Germania, 19, 1874, p. 327-338. [GB] [HT] [IA: ex. 1, ex. 2, ex. 3]
Warren, Michael J., Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations, Cambridge, Brewer (Nature and Environment in the Middle Ages), 2018, ix + 259 p.
Compte rendu:
Donna Beth Ellard, dans The Medieval Review, 19.06.12, 2019. [www]

Bibliographie